ICR = lithium cobalt oxide cylindrical cell

I = lithium ion
C =cobalt oxide cathode (코발트 산화물 캐소드)
R = round cell type

(note- proper IEC nomenclature for ICR secondary cells actually reads more like: carbon negative electrode, organic electrolyte, lithium cobalt oxide positive electrode, cylindrical cell. I’m just trying to simplify it some here)

ICRs are also sometimes called “LiCoO2”(60% Co) or “LCO” or “Li-cobalt”

3.6V / 3.7V

4.2V CHG

Cobalt

High capacity

IMR = lithium manganese oxide cylindrical cell

I = lithium ion
M =manganese oxide cathode (망간 산화물 캐소드)
R = round cell type

IMRs are also sometimes called “LiMn2O4” or “LMO” or “Li-Manganese or Spinel”

3.6V / 3.7V

4.2V CHG

Manganese

specific power and long life

INR = lithium iron phosphate cylindrical cell

I = lithium ion
N =nickel/manganese oxide cathode (니켈 / 망간 산화물 캐소드)
R = round cell type

INRs are also sometimes called “LiNiMnCoO2”(10–20% Co) or “NMC”

Differences to note between ICR and IMR:

ICRs have a higher specific energy density than IMRs (higher mAh rating), but also a higher internal resistance and lower peak load current. They also suffer from a lower thermal runaway threshold than IMR at a full 4.2v charge (130–150C°C vs 170–180°C)

3.6V / 3.7V

4.2V CHG

Nickel
Manganese
Cobalt

IFR = lithium iron phosphate cylindrical cell

I = lithium ion
F = iron phosphate cathode (인산 철 캐소드)
R = round cell type

IFRs are also sometimes called “LiFePO4” or “LFP” or “Li-Phosphate”

These have a significantly lower nominal voltage (3.3v), and generally aren’t suggested for use in PVs of common design. Also, they require a special charger and have fairly low energy density. I just include them here as an overview of common battery types

3.2V / 3.3V

3.5V / 3.6V CHG

Phosphate
(인산철)

Chemical name

Material

Abbreviation

Short form

Notes

Lithium Cobalt Oxide¹AlsoLithium Cobalate or lithium-ion-cobalt)

LiCoO₂
(60% Co)

LCO

Li-cobalt
 

High capacity; for cell phone laptop, camera

Lithium
Manganese Oxide¹
Also Lithium Manganate
or lithium-ion-manganese

LiMn₂O₄

LMO

Li-manganese, or spinel
 

Most safe; lower capacity than Li-cobalt but high specific power and long life.

Power tools,
e-bikes, EV, medical, hobbyist.

Lithium
Iron Phosphate¹

LiFePO₄

LFP

Li-phosphate

Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide¹, also lithium-manganese-cobalt-oxide

LiNiMnCoO₂
(10–20% Co)

NMC

NMC
 

Lithium Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide¹

LiNiCoAlO₂
9% Co)

NCA

NCA

Gaining importance
in electric powertrain and grid storage

Lithium Titanate²

Li₄Ti₅O₁₂

LTO

Li-titanate